Phytoestrogens are trace biochemicals produced by plants that act like estrogens in animal cells and bodies. A number of epidemiological studies have reported a connection between high dietary intake of phytoestrogens and lower rates of certain cancers, cardiovascular problems, and menopausal symptoms. It is believed that phytoestrogens could compete with estradiol for binding to intercellular estrogen receptors. Although still inconclusive, scientific evidence is accumulating to suggest that phytoestrogens may have a role in preventing chronic disease. An especially strong body of evidence suggests that they may be effective in preventing and treating prostate cancer, due to their antiandrogenic properties.
Phytoestrogens are a comparatively recent discovery, and researchers are still exploring the nutritional role of these substances in such diverse metabolic functions as the regulation of cholesterol and maintaining of post menopausal bone density. Phytoestrogens mainly fall into the class of flavonoids: the most potent in this class are coumestans and isoflavones (genistein and daidzein). The best-researched group is isoflavones, which are commonly found in soy and red clover. The uses for these isoflavones are just like that of soy, simply because isoflavones are found in soy. Lignan- not a flavenoid- has also been identified as a phytoestrogen. The estrogenic properties of these biochemicals have been shown to be due to their structural similarities to the hormone estradiol.
The major types of phytoestrogens and lignans are all examples of phenolic phytoestrogens. Other kinds of molecules (including plant steroids and terpenoids) have demonstrated varying estrogenic activity as well; however, this short blog focuses mainly on phytoestrogens and their health benefits.
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